Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: This is the primary absorbent material. It is highly absorbent and helps in retaining the fluid.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: SAP is a synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid. It enhances the absorbency of the pad and prevents leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for quick absorption of menstrual fluid.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated film as the top sheet, which is designed to allow liquid to pass through quickly while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material for the back sheet due to its waterproof properties and flexibility.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Some high-end pads use breathable films that allow air to circulate while still preventing leakage.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to keep the pad in place within the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: This type of adhesive is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied, making them ideal for sanitary pads.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to protect the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains intact until the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Materials

The materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure comfort, effectiveness, and safety:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for preventing leakage and keeping the user dry.
– **Softness**: The materials should be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort during use.
– **Breathability**: Breathable materials help in reducing the risk of skin irritation and infections.
– **Flexibility**: The pad should be flexible enough to conform to the body’s shape, providing a secure fit.
– **Hypoallergenic**: Materials should be hypoallergenic to minimize the risk of allergic reactions.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to provide optimal performance, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve their products.