Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal care products designed to provide comfort and hygiene during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. SAP is crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft. They are often treated with a hydrophilic coating to facilitate liquid absorption.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof, flexible plastic film that is commonly used for its durability and moisture resistance.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: A more advanced material that allows air to pass through while blocking liquids, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in position but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are applied to the back sheet and activate upon pressure, ensuring the pad stays in place during use.
– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: Used in the manufacturing process to bond different layers of the pad together.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is a temporary protective layer that covers the adhesive before use. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: This type of paper is easy to peel off and ensures that the adhesive remains intact until the pad is ready to be used.

## Properties of Sanitary Pad Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and user comfort:

– **Absorbency**: High absorbency is crucial for preventing leakage and maintaining dryness.
– **Softness**: The materials must be soft and gentle on the skin to avoid irritation.
– **Breathability**: Good air circulation helps reduce the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.
– **Durability**: The materials must be strong enough to withstand the rigors of daily use without breaking down.
– **Biodegradability**: Increasingly, manufacturers are opting for biodegradable materials to reduce environmental impact.

In conclusion, the raw materials used in sanitary pads play a vital role in determining their performance, comfort, and safety. By understanding the composition and properties of these materials, manufacturers can produce high-quality products that meet the needs of consumers while also considering environmental sustainability.